tailieunhanh - Aerospace Technologies Advancements 2012 Part 9

Tham khảo tài liệu 'aerospace technologies advancements 2012 part 9', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 226 Aerospace Technologies Advancements mr i _ ea 2 However its general application for high thrust chemical propulsion systems assumes that the mission AV remains relatively constant. If the AV remains constant slight increases in specific impulse can have significant mass benefits to the mission. If thrust is decreased in exchange for higher specific impulse the efficiency of the maneuver may decrease and the total AV requirement could rise decreasing or negating any gain due to the increased exhaust velocity. One example is a launch vehicle whose specific impulse is increased but its thrust-to-weight ratio is below one. The vehicle will consume all of its propellant without ever leaving the launch pad. For electric propulsion thrusters the thrust is inversely proportional to the specific impulse given a constant power. p _ ff F Sp 3 2 The most efficient propulsive maneuvers are impulses or infinite thrust though impossible to achieve. Chemical propulsion maneuvers are often treated as impulse maneuvers but the low-thrust AV penalty of long finite burns can be quite severe. One example would be a simple plane change in an elliptical orbit. The AV of a plane change is a function of the spacecraft velocity. A7 27 sin 2 4 The spacecraft velocity is slowest at apoapsis and therefore an impulsive maneuver at apoapsis will have a lower AV requirement than if the maneuver must be performed over a large arc. The entire mission trajectory will have a decreased AV if the thrust arcs are smaller and centered on the most efficient locations. This will give a clear advantage to engines that can provide higher thrust. There is a trade between specific impulse and thrust. Figure 7 illustrates a Nereus sample return mission trajectory for the NSTAR thruster and the BPT-4000 Hofer et al. 2006 . The BPT-4000 operates at higher thrust and therefore has more efficient maneuvers to produce a lower total AV requirement for the mission. Figure 7 illustrates that the higher thrust

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