tailieunhanh - A Review of Transport and Urban Air Pollution in Pakistan: SYED ZAFAR ILYAS

Directions: The SWPPP shall be amended under the following conditions: (1)whenever there is a change in design, construction, operation or maintenance that has a significant effect on the potential for the discharge of pollutants to surface waters of the state, (2)whenever an inspection by a local, State or Federal official determines that modifications to the SWPPP are necessary, (3)whenever a spill, leak or other release occurs at the facility, or any time there is an unauthorized discharge from the facility, (4) if the plan proves to be ineffective in eliminating or significantly minimizing pollutants. Document any necessary SWPPP. | JASEM ISSN 1119-8362 All rights reserved Full-text Available Online at J-App - Sci. E viron Manage. June 2007 ja VO 11 2 113 - 121 A Review of Transport and Urban Air Pollution in Pakistan SYED ZAFAR ILYAS Group of Renewable Energy and Environment Department of Environmental Sciences University of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan E-mail sz ilyas@yahoo. com ABSTRACT Nowadays air over major cities throughout the world has become over burdened with gases produced by automobiles. The death rate due to automobiles pollution is increasing rapidly in the metropolitan areas. With passage of time people realized that polluted air had serious effects on their health climate and economics. Weather and climate have the integrated impact on human activities which are resulting in worldwide concentration of the particulate of environmental pollution viz. chloroflorocarbons CFCs carbon dioxide methane nitrogen oxide lead and several other dust and gaseous rapid growth in motor vehicle activity in Pakistan and other rapidly industrializing low-income countries is contributing to high levels of urban air pollution among other adverse socioeconomic environmental health and welfare impacts. This paper first discusses the local regional and global impacts associated with air pollutant emissions resulting from motor vehicle activity and the technological behavioral and institutional factors that have contributed to these emissions in Pakistan. The paper then discusses some implementation issues related to various policy measures that have been undertaken and the challenges of the policy context. Finally the paper presents insights and lessons based on the recent Pakistan experience for better understanding and more effectively addressing the transport air pollution problem in Pakistan and similar countries in a way that is sensitive to their needs capabilities and constraints. @JASEM The continuous and rapid growth in population Khan 1986 and Syed 2005 .