tailieunhanh - Electronic principles - Chapter 1

Tài liệu tham khảo giáo trình nguyên tắc điện bằng tiếng anh | MALVINO Electronic PRINCIPLES SIXTH EDITION * Chapter 1 Introduction * Three kinds of formulas The definition: The law: The derivation: Invented for a new concept Summarizes a relationship that exists in nature Obtained by manipulating other formulas using mathematics C = Q V {defines what capacitance is} Q = CV f = K Q1Q2 d2 {does not require verification} {verified by experiment} * RL 10 V An ideal voltage source maintains a constant output voltage, regardless of the value of RL. The ideal model can be called the first approximation. VRL= 10 Volts * RL 10 V A real voltage source has a series resistance. This model is called the the second approximation. RS VRL< 10 Volts When RL is equal to or greater than 100 times RS, a real voltage source is stiff and the first approximation can be used. * RL 1 A An ideal current source maintains a constant output current, regardless of the value of RL. The ideal model can be called the first approximation. IRL= 1 Ampere * RL 1 A IRL< 1 Ampere A . | MALVINO Electronic PRINCIPLES SIXTH EDITION * Chapter 1 Introduction * Three kinds of formulas The definition: The law: The derivation: Invented for a new concept Summarizes a relationship that exists in nature Obtained by manipulating other formulas using mathematics C = Q V {defines what capacitance is} Q = CV f = K Q1Q2 d2 {does not require verification} {verified by experiment} * RL 10 V An ideal voltage source maintains a constant output voltage, regardless of the value of RL. The ideal model can be called the first approximation. VRL= 10 Volts * RL 10 V A real voltage source has a series resistance. This model is called the the second approximation. RS VRL< 10 Volts When RL is equal to or greater than 100 times RS, a real voltage source is stiff and the first approximation can be used. * RL 1 A An ideal current source maintains a constant output current, regardless of the value of RL. The ideal model can be called the first approximation. IRL= 1 Ampere * RL 1 A IRL< 1 Ampere A real current source has a shunt resistance. RS This model is called the the second approximation. When RS is equal to or greater than 100 times RL, a real current source is stiff and the first approximation can be used. * Thevenin’s theorem can be used to replace any linear circuit with an equivalent voltage source called VTH and an equivalent resistance called RTH. 6 kW 4 kW 3 kW RL 72 V Remove the load. Calculate or measure VTH across the open terminals. VTH Remove the source. Calculate or measure RTH. RTH * The input impedance of a voltmeter should be at least 100 times greater than the Thevenin resistance to avoid loading error. When working with actual circuits, please remember this guideline: DMMs are usually not a problem since they typically have an impedance of 10 MW. * 6 kW 4 kW 3 kW RL 72 V 6 kW (RTH) RL 24 V (VTH) The original circuit The Thevenin equivalent circuit * Norton’s theorem can be used to replace any linear circuit with an equivalent current source called IN and .

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