tailieunhanh - perry s chemical engineers phần 4

chất lỏng đưa lên cao. Họ phát hiện ra rằng áp lực thả hai giai đoạn thực sự có thể ít hơn so với một pha áp lực thả lỏng với các chất lỏng cắt mỏng trong dòng chảy thành lớp. Dữ liệu giảm áp lực cho một 1-tee thức ăn chăn nuôi với chất lỏng vào chạy khí vào ngành được đưa ra bởi Alves (Chem. Eng Progr, | 6-28 FLUID AND PARTICLE DYNAMICS FIG. 6-27 Liquid volume fraction in liquid gas flow through horizontal pipes. From Lockhart and Martinelli Eng. Prog. 45 39 1949 . liquid holdup. They found that two-phase pressure drop may actually be less than the single-phase liquid pressure drop with shear thinning liquids in laminar flow. Pressure drop data for a 1-in feed tee with the liquid entering the run and gas entering the branch are given by Alves Chem. Eng. Progr. 50 449-456 1954 . Pressure drop and division of two-phase annular flow in a tee are discussed by Fouda and Rhodes Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng. London 52 354-360 1974 . Flow through tees can result in unexpected flow splitting. Further reading on gas liquid flow through tees may be found in Mudde Groen and van den Akker Int. J. Multiphase Flow 19 563-573 1993 Issa and Oliveira Computers and Fluids 23 347-372 1993 and Azzopardi and Smith Int. J. Multiphase Flow 18 861-875 1992 . Results by Chenoweth and Martin Pet . Refiner 34 10 151-155 1955 indicate that single-phase data for fittings and valves can be used in their correlation for two-phase pressure drop. Smith Murdock and Applebaum J. Eng. PoWer 99 343-347 1977 evaluated existing correlations for two-phase flow of steam water and other gas liquid mixtures through sharp-edged orifices meeting ASTM standards for flow measurement. The correlation of Murdock J. Basic Eng. 84 419-433 1962 may be used for these orifices. See also Collins and Gacesa J. Basic Eng. 93 11-21 1971 for measurements with steam and water beyond the limits of this correlation. For pressure drop and holdup in inclined pipe with upward or downward flow see Beggs and Brill J. Pet. Techno . 25 607-617 1973 the mechanistic model methods referenced above may also be applied to inclined pipes. Up to 10 from horizontal upward pipe inclination has little effect on holdup Gregory Can. J. Chem. Eng. 53 384-388 1975 . For fully developed incompressible cocurrent upflow of gases and liquids in vertical .