tailieunhanh - Ozren Ocic Oil Refineries in the 21st CenturyOil phần 9

Ankyl hóa butan, iso với olefin, các đồng phân hydrocarbon trong phạm vi sôi của xăng dầu đạt được trong sự hiện diện của acid sulfuric là một chất xúc tác. Phản ứng xảy ra trong giai đoạn lỏng khi olefin tiếp xúc với axit và dư thừa lớn của isobutane, phần lớn trong số đó có một tác động cải thiện chất lượng alkylate. Trong quá trình này, một thành phần chỉ số octan cao - nguyên alkylate - được sản xuất, sau đó được sử dụng trong pha trộn xăng động cơ. | 116 4 Instruments for Determining Energy and Processing Efficiency of an Oil Refinery Semi-product Cost price of charge in US t unit operating costs in US t Cost prices in US t Fuel gas Jet fuel White spirit Light gas oil The cost price of slop is determined at the level of feedstock average cost. Instruments for Determining Energy and Processing Efficiency of Alkylation Unit Technological Characteristics of the Process In alkylation of iso-butane with olefins the hydrocarbon isomers in the boiling range of gasoline are obtained in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Reaction occurs in the liquid phase when olefins come into contact with acid and large excess of isobutane the bigger portion of which has an impact on improvement of alkylate quality. In this process a high-octane component - raw alkylate - is produced which is then used in motor gasoline blending see Fig. 19 . C4 hydrocarbon olefin feed is mixed with isobutane and introduced into a reactor to mix with sulfuric acid . This mixture goes from the reactor into a settler where acid is separated and circulated from the settler bottom back into the reactor. The hydrocarbon phase mixture is introduced into the expansion vessel via the reactor tube bundle at a reduced pressure hence a large expansion and concurrent reactor section cooling occurs due to flashing. The expansion vessel consists of two parts. In the first part a mixture of alkylate and iso-butane is separated and in the second part mainly iso-butane which is sent back Fig. 19 Technological characteristics of alkylation process Instruments for Determining Energy and Processing Efficiency of Alkylation Unit 117 into the reactor to provide the necessary excess of iso-butane and to maintain the process optimum temperature 4-7oC . The expansion vessel is under pressure higher than 1 bar so the complete vapour phase mainly propane butane and .