tailieunhanh - Báo cáo sinh học: "Assessing the contribution of breeds to genetic diversity in conservation schemes"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về sinh học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học thế giới đề tài: Assessing the contribution of breeds to genetic diversity in conservation schemes | Genet. Sel. Evol. 34 2002 613-633 613 INRA EDP Sciences 2002 DOI gse 2002027 Original article Assessing the contribution of breeds to genetic diversity in conservation schemes Herwin EDiNGa Richard . CROOiJMANSb Martien . GROENENb Theo . Meuwissenc a Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics 37075 Gottingen Germany b Animal Breeding and Genetics group Wageningen Institute for Animal Science Wageningen University Box 338 6700 AH Wageningen The Netherlands c Institute for Animal Science and Health Box 65 8200 AB Lelystad The Netherlands Received 27 March 2001 accepted 16 May 2002 Abstract - The quantitative assessment of genetic diversity within and between populations is important for decision making in genetic conservation plans. In this paper we define the genetic diversity of a set of populations S as the maximum genetic variance that can be obtained in a random mating population that is bred from the set of populations S. First we calculated the relative contribution of populations to a core set of populations in which the overlap of genetic diversity was minimised. This implies that the mean kinship in the core set should be minimal. The above definition of diversity differs from Weitzman diversity in that it attempts to conserve the founder population and thus minimises the loss of alleles whereas Weitzman diversity favours the conservation of many inbred lines. The former is preferred in species where inbred lines suffer from inbreeding depression. The application of the method is illustrated by an example involving 45 Dutch poultry breeds. The calculations used were easy to implement and not computer intensive. The method gave a ranking of breeds according to their contributions to genetic diversity. Losses in genetic diversity ranged from to for different subsets relative to the entire set of breeds while the loss of founder genome equivalents ranged from to . conservation genetic diversity gene banks marker estimated .