tailieunhanh - Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity? EXAMINING THE EVIDENCE

Public health officials have long been concerned about the effect of the environment on human health. In the nineteenth century, public health efforts in the United States were focused on controlling the spread of infectious disease, and advances in sanitation and the provision of clean water contributed to improvements in the health of the population. At the turn of the century, urban reformers adopted zoning laws and building codes to reduce the spread of disease from overcrowded conditions in central cities by lowering housing densities, as well as to separate residences from noxious commercial and industrial enterprises | EXAMINING THE EVIDEN TRB SPECIAL REPORT 282 Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activit TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES TRB SPECIAL REPORT 282 Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity EXAMINING THE EVIDENCE Committee on Physical Activity Health Transportation and Land Use TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES Transportation Research Board Washington . 2005 Transportation Research Board Special Report 282 Subscriber Category IA planning and administration Transportation Research Board publications are available by ordering individual publications directly from the TRB Business Office through the Internet at or trb or by annual subscription through organizational or individual affiliation with TRB. Affiliates and library subscribers are eligible for substantial discounts. For further information contact the Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street NW Washington DC 20001 telephone 202-334-3213 fax 202334-2519 or e-mail TRBsales@ . Copyright 2005 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences the National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine. The members ofthe committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to the procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences the National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine. This study was sponsored by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Centers for Disease .