tailieunhanh - Water Pollution Prevention Opportunities in Petroleum Refineries

Kanchha’s father immediately found a job in a brick kiln factory not very far from the city. These kilns produce highly concentrated amounts of fine particulate matter, which interact with other industrial and vehicle fumes over Kathmandu. Brick kilns use coal as their main fuel source, and this contributes to the air pollution in Kathmandu by pumping considerable quantities of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and other toxic substances into the atmosphere. After a few months, Kanchha’s father started to cough. The money that they have saved from farming back in Helambu has to be spent on few medications to cure his. | JACOBS CONSULTANCY Jacobs Consultancy Inc. 5995 Rogerdale Road Houston Texas 77072 . Fax Water Pollution Prevention Opportunities in Petroleum Refineries Prepared For The Washington State Department of Ecology ECOLOGY Ecology Publication November 2002 The Department of Ecology is an equal-opportunity agency and does not discriminate on the basis of race creed color disability age religion national origin sex marital status disabled-veteran s status Vietnam-era veteran s status or sexual orientation. If you have special accommodation needs or require this document in alternative format please contact Michelle Payne voice 360-407-6129 tty 711 or 1-800-833-6388 email mdav461@ Table of Contents Section Page Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 2 A Summary 3 Recent History of Pollution Prevention Activities in Refineries 3 Findings from Refinery Questionnaire 4 Selected Pollution Prevention Opportunities 5 Pollutants of Concern 5 B Summary of Pollution Prevention Projects In The Refining Industry 7 Pollution Prevention in . Refineries Outside Washington 7 General Refinery Operating and Maintenance Practices 8 Minimization of Tank Bottoms 8 Improved Oil Recovery from Sludge 10 Minimization of Desalter Solids and Oil Under Carry 10 Minimization of Spent Filter Clay Disposal and Hydrocarbon Losses 11 Minimization of Loss of Solids from Heat Exchanger Cleaning 12 Control of Other Solids from Various Sources 13 Minimization of Surfactants in Wastewater 15 Minimization of Leaks Spills and Other Losses to Sewer 15 Stormwater and Wastewater Segregation and Flow Reduction 16 Replacement of Drums with Storage Tanks 17 Minimization of Sample Losses to Sewer System 17 Minimization of Benzene Losses to Sewer System 17 Minimization of Spent Catalyst Waste 17 Alternative Disposal for Alkylation Unit Sludge 19 Minimization of Amine Losses and Sludge Generation in Amine Units 19 Minimization of Sludge from Residual Upgrading .