tailieunhanh - Shelagh heffernan modern banking phần 3

Trong tất cả các nước ngoại trừ Nhật Bản, tỷ lệ đã giảm hơn một thập kỷ, vì nó đã có trong những năm 1980. Như hình cho thấy, đối diện thực sự của thu nhập ngoài lãi, trừ Nhật Bản. Tỷ lệ của Nhật Bản là rất dễ bay hơi thông qua thời gian, phản ánh sự suy giảm trong giá trị cổ phần cho ngân hàng Nhật Bản giữ | ------------------- 125 - Management of Risks in Banking Table Liquidity Funding - Maturity Ladder Approach 000 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Cash inflows 12000 10 000 10 000 8 500 Assets week they mature 1500 8000 2 000 1 000 Sales planned 10000 1 000 3 000 2 500 Agreed credit lines 500 1 000 5 000 6 000 Cash outflows 11700 9500 10 700 8 900 Liabilities due 7 000 3 000 9 000 4 000 Contingent liabilities . credit lines 4500 6000 1 500 4 500 Unplanned cash outflows 200 500 200 400 Net funding needs -300 -500 700 400 Cumulative net funding needs -300 -800 -100 300 It is assumed that each week is 5 working days and all sums are received on the last working day of each week Fridays . The Bank of International Settlements 2000 has outlined a maturity ladder approach which consists of monitoring all cash inflows and outflows and computing the net funds required. A simple version of this type of ladder appears in Table . The ALM group in a bank is not normally responsible for risk management in other areas though how risk management is organised does vary from bank to bank. In some banks the ALM group has been replaced by a division with overall responsibility for risk management but credit risk continues to be managed separately. Increasingly 21st century banks have a division with overall responsibility for coordinating risk management. The management of interest rate risk has moved beyond the traditional gap and duration analysis because banks have increased their off-balance sheet business and the use of derivatives. Derivatives were discussed briefly in Chapter 2 but the next section provides a more detailed coverage of derivatives and their role in risk management. . Financial Derivatives and Risk Management . Types of Financial Derivative Before looking at how banks manage credit and market risk this section considers the role of financial derivatives in risk management because they are part of a bank s tool kit for managing risk. Derivatives were .