tailieunhanh - russian a self teaching guide phần 10

5. Petya thích nấm pirozhki, thịt pirozhki, và gạo pirozhki, nhưng ông không thích bắp cải pirozhki. 6. Trong thời niên thiếu của tôi, tôi làm việc như một người phục vụ, nhưng bây giờ tôi làm việc như một thư ký. 7. Masha muốn trở thành một ngôi sao điện ảnh lớn. | 282 RUSSIAN A Self-Teaching Guide 3. If they follow the antecedent the noun that is being described participial phrases are bordered by commas if they precede the antecedent there are no commas. 4. Participial phrases of one word generally precede the object they modify. Formation 1. Take the third-person plural form of the verb drop the last letter and add the consonant III plus the appropriate adjective ending. 2. Stress is the same as in the third-person plural form. 3. The particle -C5I does not contract with participles. 4. Since a participle behaves like a normal adjective make sure it agrees with its antecedent in gender case and number. It is important to remember that there are two types of agreement. As previously mentioned KOTÓpMố can be only in the nominative case so the only forms that can be replaced by participles are KOTổpMố KOTÓpan KOTÓpoe and KOTÓpbie. Participles however will agree completely with their antecedents in every way and therefore may represent all cases all genders and both numbers. Word Order and Punctuation If a participial phrase follows its antecedent it will be set off by commas. If the phrase precedes the antecedent there are no commas. Participial phrases of one word usually stand immediately before the antecedent. This flexibility in the word order of participles allows Russian a wide range of possibilities that are not easily rendered in English. A word-by-word translation of the third set of sentences below will illustrate this fact. The following are examples of pairs of sentences the first of which uses a participial construction and the second of which replaces that participial phrase with a KOTÓpMố clause. Participles will be boldface to make them easier to identify. ỘHJLM geMOHCTpốpyro nốcn B 3T0M 3ầ e cÓ3gaH no pOMầHy TypréHeBa. ỘHJLM KOTÓpBin neMOHCTpnpyeTcn B 3T0M 3ầ e cÓ3gaH no pOMầHy TypréHeBa. Participles 283 The movie that is being shown in this hall is based on a novel by Turgenev. SieKTpHHecKHe npOBogá .