tailieunhanh - The Gale encyclopedia of cancer

In a statement immediately preceding the introduction, the publisher states clearly that this encyclopedia is "is intended to supplement, not replace, consultation with a physician or other healthcare professional." That said, this second edition of a work first published in 2001 is an excellent resource for anyone seeking a greater understanding of cancer. | The GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA of Cancer. The GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA of CANCEK A GUIDE TO CANCER AND ITS TREATMENTS VOLUME 2 L-Z GENERAL INDEX ELLEN THACKERY EDITOR GALE GROUP THOMSON LEARNING Detroit New York San Diego San Francisco Boston New Haven Conn. Waterville Maine London Munich L Lactulose see Laxatives Lambert-Eaton syndrome see Eaton- Lambert syndrome Langerhans cell histiocytosis see Histiocytosis X I Laparoscopy Definition Laparoscopy is a type of surgical procedure in which a small incision is made usually in the navel through which a viewing tube laparoscope is inserted. The viewing tube has a small camera on the eyepiece. This allows the doctor to examine the abdominal and pelvic organs on a video monitor connected to the tube. Other small incisions can be made to insert instruments to perform procedures. Laparoscopy can be done to diagnose conditions or to perform certain types of operations. It is less invasive than regular open abdominal surgery laparotomy . Purpose Since the late 1980s laparoscopy has been a popular diagnostic and treatment tool. The technique dates back to 1901 when it was reportedly first used in a gynecologic procedure performed in Russia. In fact gynecologists were the first to use laparoscopy to diagnose and treat conditions relating to the female reproductive organs uterus fallopian tubes and ovaries. Laparoscopy was first used with cancer patients in 1973. In these first cases the procedure was used to observe and biopsy the liver. Laparoscopy plays a role in the diagnosis staging and treatment for a variety of cancers. As of 2001 the use of laparoscopy to completely remove cancerous growths and surrounding tissues in place of open surgery is controversial. The procedure is being studied to determine if it is as effective as open surgery in complex operations. Laparoscopy is also being investigated as a screening tool for ovarian cancer. Laparoscopy is widely used in procedures for non-cancerous conditions that in the past required .