tailieunhanh - Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming - Chapter 10

Graphical User Interface Programming Chương này cho thấy một cách đặc biệt đơn giản và mạnh mẽ để làm lập trình giao diện người dùng đồ họa (GUI). Chúng tôi kết hợp các mô hình khai báo cùng với các mô hình nhà nước đồng thời chia sẻ một cách tiếp cận có lợi thế về các tính chất của mỗi mô hình. Để giới thiệu cách tiếp cận, chúng ta hãy tóm tắt các phương pháp tiếp cận hiện có:. | Part III Specialized Computation Models Copyright @ 2001-3 by P. Van Roy and S. Haridi. All rights reserved. Chapter 10 Graphical User Interface Programming Nowadays the growth of a graphic image can be divided into two sharply defined phases. The process begins with the search for a visual form that will interpret as clearly as possible one s train of thought. . After this to my great relief there dawns the second phase that is the making of the graphic print for now the spirit can take its rest while the work is taken over by the hands. - The Graphic Work of . Escher . Escher 1898-1972 This chapter shows a particularly simple and powerful way to do graphical user interface GUI programming. We combine the declarative model together with the shared-state concurrent model in an approach that takes advantage of the good properties of each model. To introduce the approach let us first summarize the existing approaches Purely procedural. The user interface is constructed by a sequence of graphics commands. These commands can be purely imperative as in tcl tk object-oriented as in the Java AWT Abstract Window Toolkit package or its extension the Swing components or even functional as in Haskell fud-gets. The object-oriented or functional style is preferable to an imperative style because it is easier to structure the graphics commands. Purely declarative. The user interface is constructed by choosing from a set of predefined possibilities. This is an example of descriptive declarativeness as explained in Section . A well-known example is HTML HyperText Markup Language the formatting language used for Web pages. Using an interface builder. The user interface is constructed manually by the developer using a direct manipulation interface. A well-known example is Microsoft Visual Studio. Copyright 2001-3 by P. Van Roy and S. Haridi. All rights .