tailieunhanh - Investment Guarantees phần 3

Chúng tôi đã phát triển bao gồm hơn 800 có / không có câu hỏi. (Người đọc quan tâm nên tham khảo ý kiến với chúng tôi tại Có thể tóm tắt các gia đình về các chức năng đặc trưngTham số là một tham số vị trí, thành phần được gọi là số mũ đặc trưng và được sử dụng để phân loại các bản phân phối trong gia đình ổn định. | 1 Investment Guarantees INTRODUCTION The objective of life insurance is to provide financial security to policyholders and their families. Traditionally this security has been provided by means of a lump sum payable contingent on the death or survival of the insured life. The sum insured would be fixed and guaranteed. The policyholder would pay one or more premiums during the term of the contract for the right to the sum insured. Traditional actuarial techniques have focused on the assessment and management of life-contingent risks mortality and morbidity. The investment side of insurance generally has not been regarded as a source of major risk. This was and still is a reasonable assumption where guaranteed benefits can be broadly matched or immunized with fixed-interest instruments. But insurance markets around the world are changing. The public has become more aware of investment opportunities outside the insurance sector particularly in mutual fund type investment media. Policyholders want to enjoy the benefits of equity investment in conjunction with mortality protection and insurers around the world have developed equity-linked contracts to meet this challenge. Although some contract types such as universal life in North America pass most of the asset risk to the policyholder and involve little or no investment risk for the insurer it was natural for insurers to incorporate payment guarantees in these new contracts this is consistent with the traditional insurance philosophy. In the United Kingdom unit-linked insurance rose in popularity in the late 1960s through to the late 1970s typically combining a guaranteed minimum payment on death or maturity with a mutual fund type investment. These contracts also spread to areas such as Australia and South Africa where . insurance companies were influential. In the United States variable annuities and equity-indexed annuities offer different forms of equity-linking guarantees. In Canada segregated fund contracts .