tailieunhanh - Understanding Double Entry Accounting

Climate impacts were monetized using estimates of the social cost of carbon—the valuation of the damages due to emissions of one metric ton of car- bon, of $30/ton of CO2equivalent (CO2e), 20 with low and high estimates of $10/ton and $100/ton. There is uncertainty around the total cost of climate change and its present value, thus uncertainty con- cerning the social cost of carbon derived from the total costs. To test for sensitivity to the assumptions about the total costs, low and high estimates of the social cost of carbon were used to produce low and high estimates for climate damage, as was done in the 2009 National Research Council (NRC) report on the “Hidden. | File C6-33 July 2009 agdm Understanding Double Entry Accounting Farm families have traditionally used the single entry often referred to as cash method of accounting for their farm business. This is a relatively simple method of accounting where items are listed as income or expenses when cash transactions occur. For example grain is recorded as income when it is converted to cash that is sold and delivered. Also production inputs like seed feed and fertilizer are recorded as expenses when they are paid for rather than when they are used or ordered. The single entry method of accounting does a poor job of recording the true profitability of a business within or between accounting periods. For example crops can be sold in a year other than when they are grown and expenses can be paid in the year before or after the inputs are used. To correct this problem cash accounting uses an adjustment where inventories of production inputs and inventories of crops and livestock are taken at the beginning and end of the accounting period . calendar year to adjust the income statement to a form of accrual accounting. The inventories shift production inputs and inventories of crops and livestock into the year in which they are used or produced rather than when they are purchased or sold. Double entry accounting goes a step further. Every time an income or expense transaction occurs and an entry is made the net worth statement is updated at the same time. The two financial statements encompassed in double entry accounting are the net worth statement also called the balance sheet or equity statement and the income statement also called the profit and loss statement . Actually the income statement becomes part of the net worth statement as described below. Traditionally in single entry accounting the net worth statement is only prepared or updated at a specific point in time. Often this is the beginning of a new year. The net worth statement is usually .