tailieunhanh - Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals: A Practical Guide - Chapter 4

Theo định nghĩa của OECD Để liệt kê trong Phụ lục IPCS = 1 (OECD 2003a): Đánh giá mối nguy is''A Quy trình thiết kế để được xác định tác dụng phụ của các đại lý hoặc năm năm nào tình hình dân số sinh vật, hệ thống hoặc (sub) thể được xúc. Quá trình này bao gồm xác định nguy cơ và đặc tính nguy hiểm. | 4 Hazard Assessment The aim of the hazard assessment of a chemical substance under evaluation is to assess whether exposure to the chemical might result in adverse health effects in humans based on a critical evaluation of the available data on the inherent toxicological properties of the substance as well as the toxicological mode s of action mechanisms of toxicity. INTRODUCTION According to the OECD IPCS definitions listed in Annex 1 OECD 2003a Hazard assessment is A process designed to determine the possible adverse effects of an agent or situation to which an organism system or sub population could be exposed. The process includes hazard identification and hazard characterization. The process focuses on the hazard in contrast to risk assessment where exposure assessment is a distinct additional step. Hazard assessment is also known as effect assessment. Hazard identification is The identification of the type and nature of adverse effects that an agent has as inherent capacity to cause in an organism system or sub population. Hazard identification is the first stage in hazard assessment and the first step in the process of risk assessment. Hazard characterization is The qualitative and wherever possible quantitative description of the inherent properties of an agent or situation having the potential to cause adverse effects. This should where possible include a dose-response assessment and its attendant uncertainties. Hazard characterization also known as dose-response assessment is the second stage in hazard assessment and the second step in the process of risk assessment. At this step the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level NOAEL and the Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level LOAEL are derived for the observed effects where possible and appropriate. A hazard assessment of a specific chemical substance is carried out based on all the data available on adverse health effects in humans and in experimental animals . on acute toxicity irritation corrosion .