tailieunhanh - Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals: A Practical Guide - Chapter 3

Theo định nghĩa của OECD Để liệt kê trong Phụ lục IPCS = 1 (OECD 2003) vốn có mối nguy IS''The tài sản của một đại lý hoặc tình hình HAVING hiệu ứng bất lợi tiềm năng do dân số năm Khi sinh vật, hệ thống hoặc (sub) IS Đó xúc với đại lý. ''''Một sự đánh giá mối nguy là quá trình xác định được thiết kế để chống lại những tác động của đại lý hoặc năm năm nào tình hình sinh vật, hệ thống hoặc (sub) dân số thể được xúc | Data for Hazard Assessment The data required for the risk assessment in relation to human health can be categorized as data on the identity of the substance its physico-chemical and toxicological properties and on exposure. The minimum data set required for a risk assessment depends on the chemical use category industrial chemical pesticide biocide food additive food contact material etc. the regulation involved and the goal of the risk assessment. This chapter will focus on the data used in the hazard assessment. INTRODUCTION According to the OECD IPCS definitions listed in Annex 1 OECD 2003 Hazard is The inherent property of an agent or situation having the potential to cause adverse effects when an organism system or sub population is exposed to that agent. Hazard assessment is A process designed to determine the possible adverse effects of an agent or situation to which an organism system or sub population could be exposed. The process includes hazard identification and hazard characterization. The process focuses on the hazard in contrast to risk assessment where exposure assessment is a distinct additional step. This chapter will describe the various types of data used in the hazard assessment process including human data data from laboratory animal studies data from in vitro studies and nontesting data that can be deducted from the physico-chemical structure of the substance. Various criteria documents and evaluations from international bodies that are available to the assessor are also mentioned. The molecular techniques of proteomics toxicogenomics and metabolomics are being used increasingly in toxicological research but have not yet been incorporated into test guidelines for regulatory toxicological studies. These techniques popularly termed omics may serve as adjuncts to conventional toxicological studies but further research and validation is required before they can be considered for routine use in regulatory toxicological assessments. Based on .