tailieunhanh - Arithmetics

Arithmetic is certainly the oldest mathematical activity. The use of the concept of a whole number, numeral systems and the operations of addition, multiplication and division can be found in all civilizations. The invention of zero appears to have come from India. Traces of arithmetical operations have been identified on bones dating back to the Paleolithic Era, on Mesopotamian clay tablets, on Chinese turtle shells and on Egyptian papyrus; the Incas, who did not—so it seems—have writing, did develop an evolved numeral system based on knots in strings, called quipus | Universitext Marc Hindry Arithmetics Springer Universitext Universitext Series Editors Sheldon Axler San Francisco State University Vincenzo Capasso Università degli Studi di Milano Carles Casacuberta Universitat de Barcelona Angus J. MacIntyre Queen Mary University of London Kenneth Ribet University of California Berkeley Claude Sabbah CNRS École Polytechnique Endre Suli University of Oxford Wojbor A. Woyczynski Case Western Reserve University Universitext is a series of textbooks that presents material from a wide variety of mathematical disciplines at master s level and beyond. The books often well class-tested by their author may have an informal personal even experimental approach to their subject matter. Some of the most successful and established books in the series have evolved through several editions always following the evolution of teaching curricula to very polished texts. Thus as research topics trickle down into graduate-level teaching first textbooks written for new cutting-edge courses may make their way into Universitext. For further volumes series .