tailieunhanh - DIESEL ENGINE PRINCIPLES

General. In order that the function and operation of submarine diesel engines may be thoroughly understood, it is necessary to describe briefly the history and development leading to modern design. It is significant that the diesel engine is an outgrowth of the early struggle to improve the efficiency of existing types of other internal combustion engines. Today's fleet type submarine diesel engines are indirectly the result of widespread experimentation in both the Otto (gasoline) engine field and the more recently developed diesel engine field. . | 1 DIESEL ENGINE PRINCIPLES A. DEVELOPMENT 1A1. General. In order that the function and operation of submarine diesel engines may be thoroughly understood it is necessary to describe briefly the history and development leading to modern design. It is significant that the diesel engine is an outgrowth of the early struggle to improve the efficiency of existing types of other internal combustion engines. Today s fleet type submarine diesel engines are indirectly the result of widespread experimentation in both the Otto gasoline engine field and the more recently developed diesel engine field. Basically however the principles of operation have not changed materially since the first practical models of the early designs. Among the contributors to progress in the development of diesel engines has been the Submarine Service of the United States Navy. Keen interest and untiring effort not to mention risk in experimentation testing and correcting design have given unparalleled impetus toward improved design. 1A2. History of diesel engine development. The reciprocating internal combustion engine was introduced in theory as far back as 1862 by Beau de Roches in France. A few years later Otto of Germany made the first practical application of Beau de Roches s theory in an actual working model. Otto s engine was practicable and fairly reliable compared to other earlier attempts. It employed a 4-stroke cycle of The next notable achievement in improving the efficiency of the internal combustion engine was the Hornsby-Ackroyd engine produced in England a short while later. It was among the first early designed engines that used a liquid fuel derived from crude oil. This engine employed the Brayton principle of controlled fuel injection and compressed the air in the cylinder prior to ignition. The compression heat thus generated plus the use of a hot surface induced ignition. Since this engine employed hydraulic force to inject the fuel it is now considered the first example of an