tailieunhanh - Ecosystem Responses to Mercury Contamination: Indicators of Change - Chapter 2

Theo kết quả của điều khiển đó có Been Gần đây thực hiện và đề xuất đó là phát thải khí quyển của thủy ngân (Hg), Có Is A Cần quan trọng để thiết kế và thực hiện một chương trình để theo dõi phản ứng của hệ sinh thái cho luận án trao đổi. Mục tiêu của chương này IS xem xét lại tình trạng hoạt động giám sát Hg và Chương Trình Đó là Hiện nay Là Thực hiện cho Airshed và đầu nguồn, và để làm cho các khuyến nghị để thêm vào. | 2 Airsheds and Watersheds Charles T. Driscoll Michael Abbott Russell Bullock John Jansen Dennis Leonard Steven Lindberg John Munthe Nicola Pirrone and Mark Nilles ABSTRACT As a result of controls that have been recently implemented and that are proposed for atmospheric emissions of mercury Hg there is a critical need to design and implement a program to monitor ecosystem response to these changes. The objective of this chapter is to review the state of Hg monitoring activities and programs that are currently being conducted for airsheds and watersheds and to make recommendations to strengthen and add to these programs in order to quantify future changes that may occur as a result of changes in atmospheric emissions of Hg and subsequent deposition. In this regard we identified a series of airshed and watershed indicators that when measured over a long period of time should help to determine the response from changes in the global continental and or regional-scale Hg emissions or other watershed loads of Hg such as land-use changes or discharges . Note that an important benefit of improved Hg monitoring programs would be the availability of high quality data to test and validate models. These data would help support the development and application of models as research tools to better understand the dynamics and cycling of Hg in complex environments. Improved and well-validated models could subsequently be used as management tools to predict the response of airsheds and watershed ecosystems to changes that might occur in emissions of Hg or other changes that might alter the transport or bioavailability of Hg . changes in atmospheric deposition climate change land disturbance . To achieve this objective we propose an integrated airshed watershed Hg monitoring program. We propose that within an ecoregion detailed sampling at intensive study sites intensive sites and less intensive sampling at a larger number of clustered sites cluster sites would be conducted. To .