tailieunhanh - Dynamic and Mobile GIS: Investigating Changes in Space and Time - Chapter 13

Hệ thống giám sát có Được sử dụng rộng rãi để tăng kiến thức của nhà nước về môi trường. Họ là chịu trách nhiệm về Đăng ký và Thu thập các dữ liệu cơ sở của các hệ thống môi trường. Giám sát nhiều hơn Việc đo; Nó là học tập về trạng thái hiện tại của hệ thống, hệ thống động lực, tác động của hoạt động quản lý và làm thế nào các thông tin thu thập có thể được sử dụng để đạt được mục tiêu quản lý | Chapter 13 Citizens as Mobile Nodes of Environmental Collaborative Monitoring Networks Cristina Gouveia 1 Alexandra Fonseca 1 Beatriz Condessa 2 and António Câmara 3 1 Centre for Exploration and Management of Geographic Information Portuguese Geographical Institute Portugal 2 Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture Instituto Superior Técnico Technical University of Lisbon Portugal 3 Environmental Systems Analysis Group Faculty of Sciences and Technology New University of Lisbon Portugal Introduction Monitoring systems have been used widely to increase knowledge of the state of the environment. They are responsible for collecting and registering the baseline data of environmental systems. Monitoring is more than taking measurements it is about learning the current state of the system the system dynamics the impact of management actions and how the information collected can be used to reach management goals. According to Boyle 1998 and Vaughan et al. 2003 monitoring systems have evolved to link monitoring information to the decisionmaking process. However according to Vaughan et al. 2003 the major limitation of environmental monitoring is the ability to provide timely identification and warning of emerging problems to the public stakeholders research personnel and managers. Additionally monitoring systems have shown difficulties in providing information to raise awareness educate and provide the basis for informed decisions. Due to the temporal and spatial characteristics of environmental data GIS has been used to support environmental monitoring activities Larsen 1999 Gao 2002 . Mobile GIS in particular has been explored to support fieldwork facilitating data collection and management Tsou 2004 Chapter 12 Tsou and Sun in this book . In general mobile computing applications together with mobile communications create new opportunities for environmental monitoring. For example mobile GIS together with mobile communications can provide location-aware .