tailieunhanh - Ebooks: Assessing the Hazard of the Metals and Inorganic Metal Substances in Aquatic and Terrestrial Systems - Chapter 3

Chương này trình bày các mô hình thế giới đơn vị (UWM). Thảo luận về các chương tiếp theo thực hiện ITS. Các tính năng quan trọng nhất của chương này là áp dụng tổng hợp các số phận của kim loại và các hiệu ứng khái niệm vào một khái niệm thống nhất. Những nỗ lực để làm cho một mô hình làm việc UWM Thay Thần Đơn giản chỉ cần một khái niệm thống nhất và được báo cáo đang hoạt Will Be Ở những nơi khác | 3 Integrated Approach for Hazard Assessment of Metals and Inorganic Metal Substances The Unit World Model Approach Adam Peters William J. Adams Miriam L. Diamond William Davison Dominic M. Di Toro Patrick J. Doyle Donald Mackay Jerome Nriagu Carol Ptacek James M. Skeaff Edward Tipping and Hugo Waeterschoot INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the unit world model UWM . Subsequent chapters discuss its implementation. The most important feature of this chapter is the synthesis of applicable metal fate and effects concepts into a unifying concept. Efforts to render the UWM a working model rather than simply a unifying concept are underway and will be reported elsewhere. Background The approach of characterizing the potential hazard of organic chemicals by considering those inherent chemical-specific properties that relate to their potential persistence bioaccumulation and toxicity P B and T or PBT in the environment has a long history with variations having been widely employed throughout the world EU 1991 Kleka et al. 2000 Lipnick et al. 2000 OECD 2001a Mackay et al. 2003a . The PBT approach has had wide appeal at least in part because it provides a way to address a complex subject in the context of a reasonably well-defined and readily implemented procedure. Given the recognized utility of the PBT 11 2007 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry SETAC 12 Assessing the Hazard of Metals and Inorganic Metal Substances approach in the assessment of hazard for some organic chemicals regulatory agencies have made efforts to apply a similar approach for metals OECD 2001a Existing Substances Branch 2003 . Although this development has satisfied a clear regulatory need it has also resulted in the recognition that significant limitations may exist in the application of the PBT approach to metals Adams et al. 2000 as well as for some types of organic chemicals such as polymers and pigments. The identification of a universally agreed-upon approach to .