tailieunhanh - Algae: Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology - Chapter 4
Đi xe đạp sinh địa hoá có thể được định nghĩa như sự chuyển động và trao đổi của cả vật chất và năng lượng giữa các thành phần lò khác nhau của trái đất có nguồn gốc, cụ thể là không khí (phong bì không khí đó bao quanh trái đất), các thủy quyển (bao gồm tất cả của trái đất nước đó là tìm thấy trong các dòng , hồ, biển, đất, nước ngầm và không khí), thạch quyển (các chất rắn vô cơ phần của Trái Đất, bao gồm đất, trầm tích, và rock Đó là hình. | 4 Biogeochemical Role of Algae ROLES OF ALGAE IN BIOGEOCHEMISTRY Biogeochemical cycling can be defined as the movement and exchange of both matter and energy between the four different components of the Earth namely the atmosphere the air envelope that surrounds the Earth the hydrosphere includes all the Earth s water that is found in streams lakes seas soil groundwater and air the lithosphere the solid inorganic portion of the Earth including the soil sediments and rock that form the crust and upper mantle and extending about 80 km deep and the biosphere all the living organisms plants and animals . The four spheres are not mutually exclusive but overlap and intersect in a quite dynamic way. Soils contain air and exchange gases with the atmosphere thus causing the geosphere and atmosphere to overlap but they also contain water so the geosphere and hydrosphere overlap. Dust from the geosphere and water from the hydrosphere occur in the atmosphere. Organisms are present in water bodies soils aquifers and the atmosphere so the biosphere overlaps with the other three spheres. Chemical elements are cyclically transferred within and among the four spheres with the total mass of the elements in all of the spheres being conserved though chemical transformations can change their form. The biogeochemical cycle of any element describes pathways that are commensurate with the movement of the biologically available form of that element throughout the biosphere where the term biological availability is used to infer the participation of a substance in a biological reaction as opposed to its simple presence in biota . The most efficient cycles are often equated with a high atmospheric abundance of the element. These cycles ensure a rapid turnover of the element and have the flexibility to process the element in a number of different forms or phases . solid liquid gaseous . Except in a few rare but interesting situations . geothermal tectonic systems all biogeochemical .
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