tailieunhanh - Environmental Risk Assessment Reports - Chapter 10

Đánh giá rủi ro được sử dụng để xác định liệu có là (hoặc tháng được) một mối đe dọa đến Y tế công cộng hoặc môi trường. Đánh giá các rủi ro đó đặt ra để hóa chất các sinh vật sống - con người, động vật khác, hoặc các nhà máy - Must Be Dựa Trên đáng kể kiến thức về hóa chất và tương tác của họ với các dạng sống nào Có Thể tiếp xúc với hóa chất luận án. Một điều tra hóa học của quá khứ, hiện tại, hoặc tiềm năng Hoạt động trên trang web là để Thực. | CHAPTER 10 Environmental Chemistry John P. Cummings and Sally L. Benjamin CONTENTS I. II. Practical Environmental A. Chemists B. Types of Chemical C. Chemical D. Physical III. Major Chemical A. Inorganic B. Organic Chemistry. 272 IV. I. INTRODUCTION Risk assessments are used to determine whether there is or may be a threat to the public health or the environment. An assessment of the risks that chemicals pose to living organisms humans other animals or plants must be based on substantial knowledge of chemicals and their interaction with the life form which may be exposed to these chemicals. A chemical investigation of the past current or potential activities on the site is conducted to evaluate the chemical environment and determine whether a release of hazardous or toxic materials has occurred or is likely to occur. Basic chemical data are required to determine health effects and risk. Such data help to identify carcinogens teratogens or toxic compounds that can cause organ 265 2001 by CRC Press LLC 266 A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT REPORTS damage if they are ingested inhaled or absorbed. Understanding chemistry and the toxic effects of chemicals on life forms in terms of dosage exposure and concentrations in soil water and air is key to making an endangerment assessment. II. PRACTICAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY An insight into some common chemical properties at least a rudimentary overview is necessary. Understanding the basic characteristics of chemical compounds is fundamental to understanding how these materials react with the environment. A conservative starting point to effectively understand chemistry requires an understanding of chemical terms measures and properties. The building blocks for all matter are the elements. They exist sometimes as separate particles called atoms but usually in .