tailieunhanh - Medical Marketing in the United States: A Prescription for Reform

Voluntary consumer decisions to buy electricity supplied from renewable energy sources represent a powerful market support mechanism for renewable energy development. In the early 1990s, a small number of . utilities began offering “green power” options to their customers. 1 Since then, these products have become more prevalent, offered by traditional utilities and renewable energy marketers operating in states that have introduced competition into their retail electricity markets or offering renewable energy certificates (RECs) online. Today, more than half of all . electricity customers have an option to purchase some type of green power product directly from a retail electricity provider,. | Note Medical Marketing in the United States A Prescription for Reform Joshua Weiss Introduction Drug and Device Marketing Each year physicians in the United States write more than three billion prescriptions or about twelve prescriptions per American. 1 In 2009 alone the United States spent some 300 billion on prescription Similarly the medical device market accounts for around 200 billion in annual With so much money at stake it should come as no surprise that drug and device companies invest massive sums in aggressive marketing. Estimates vary 4 but the pharmaceutical and medical device industries spend around 30 billion per year on marketing efforts de- . expected May 2011 The George Washington University Law School . 2008 University of Florida. I owe countless thanks to Brian Smith Andrew Wone Peter RavenHansen Edward Swaine and Hannah Geyer for their thoughtful comments on prior drafts. i would also like to thank Niels von Deuten christopher Healey Nitya Kumar Andrew Pruitt and The George Washington Law Review for exceptional editorial work. 1 Janet Lundy Prescription Drug Trends Henry J. Kaiser Fam. Found. Sept. 2008 http rxdrugs upload . 2 Duff Wilson Drug Companies Increase Prices in Face of Change . Times Nov. 16 2009 at A1. 3 Peter Stone Take Two Kickbacks . . . Mother Jones Nov. 2 2009 at 18. 4 See Marcia Angell The Truth About Drug Companies How They Deceive Us and What to Do About It 120 2004 estimating 54 billion in marketing expenditures for 2001 Julie M. Donohue et al. A Decade of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription November 2010 Vol. 79 No. 1 260 2010 MEDICAL MARKETING IN THE UNITED STATES 261 signed to maximize market share and doctors are one of their main On average the drug and medical device industries spend over 20 000 per doctor each year on marketing efforts that include gifts meals travel consultancy fees and continuing medical education The reach of medical .