tailieunhanh - Turning Student Groups into Effective Teams

Before we discuss the various types of PMO, we need to clarify what we mean by project, programme and portfolio management, since these terms are used quite specifically below. Project management. The organisation of resources and activities to deliver a predefined scope of work, within agreed timescales and costs, using existing capabilities to achieve the benefits that justified the project. Programme management. The organisation of resources and activities to define and deliver an evolving collection of related projects and activities that, in combination, achieve agreed objectives and emergent organisational benefits, including new. | Copyright 2004 New Forums Press Inc. P. O. Box 876 Stillwater OK. All Rights Reserved. Turning Student Groups into Effective Teams Barbara Oakley Oakland University Rebecca Brent Education Designs Inc. Richard M. Felder North Carolina State University Imad Elhajj Oakland University This paper is a guide to the effective design and management of team assignments in a college classroom where little class time is available for instruction on teaming skills. Topics discussed include forming teams helping them become effective and using peer ratings to adjust team grades for individual performance. A Frequently Asked Questions section offers suggestions for dealing with several problems that commonly arise with student teams and forms and handouts are provided to assist in team formation and management. I. Introduction The benefits of collaborative learning have been demonstrated in countless studies and several metaanalyses Johnson Johnson Stanne 2000 Springer Stanne Donovan 1997 Terenzini Cabrera Colbeck Parente Bjorkland 2001 . Compared to students taught traditionally students taught in a manner that incorporates small-group learning achieve higher grades learn at a deeper level retain information longer are less likely to drop out of school acquire greater communication and teamwork skills and gain a better understanding of the environment in which they will be working as professionals. These benefits are not automatic however. Being part of an ineffective or dysfunctional team may well be inferior to independent study in promoting learning and can lead to extreme frustration and resentment. Students are not born with the project management time management conflict resolution and communi cation skills required for high performance teamwork. If team assignments are to be given explicit steps should be taken to help students learn those skills and to equip them to deal effectively with the logistical and interpersonal problems that commonly arise in collaborative .