tailieunhanh - Evidence based pediatrics - part 10

và tương lai của chính họ. Khuyết tật học tập không lời đã được chứng minh là tồn tại đến khi trưởng thành và thậm chí tồi tệ hơn theo thời gian. Ngôn ngữ đặc điểm bất thường, ví dụ, nghèo ngôn điệu ngữ điệu, lồi ra, sự thay đổi thời gian và chất lượng âm thanh và ngữ dụng (sử dụng thích hợp của ngôn ngữ trong các ngữ cảnh đa dạng về xã hội, văn hoá, hoặc phát triển),. | Learning Disabilities and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 417 and their own future. Nonverbal learning disabilities have been shown to persist into adulthood and even to worsen over time. The abnormal language characteristics for example poor prosody intonation accentuation temporal variation and voice quality and pragmatics the appropriate use of language in diverse social cultural or developmental contexts yet good vocabulary and pronounced social difficulties of these children have led some investigators to question whether NLDS are part of a continuum with pervasive developmental disorders and Asperger s Coexisting Conditions Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Hyperactivity occurs in 25 to 41 percent of children with learning Some investigators suggest that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD may be a consequence of learning disability as children become inattentive learn poorly and perhaps tune out. Children with LDS experience frustration and may be unable to sustain attention because the academic demands are too heavy. Evidence exists however that learning disability and ADHD are distinct disorders that frequently occur Both have strong genetic components but appear to be inherited Psychological Disturbances Depression and anxiety occur in one-third of learning-disabled children especially in those with nonverbal 13 This is not surprising since these children often have low selfesteem after years of failing at school and being labeled dumb by Children with LDS are not as socially competent as their peers and appear to have difficulty understanding others affective states especially in complex or ambiguous Causes Heredity is a primary factor in language-based learning disabilities. Some 35 to 40 percent of close relatives of dyslexic persons have similar Linkage studies implicate loci on chromosomes 6 and 15 in reading .