tailieunhanh - Essentials of child psychopathology - part 3

Trong lịch sử, quy mô thông minh đã được sử dụng như dự đoán thành tích học tập cũng được chuẩn hóa, hợp lệ, và đáng tin cậy. Hai quy mô thông minh phổ biến nhất, Cân Wechsler và Stanford-Binet, ta có thể thấy các phiên bản gần đây chủ yếu. các Wechsler | ISSUES IN CLINICAL DECISION MAKING 53 Critics of psychometric assessment have been most vocal regarding the overemphasis on aptitude or achievement testing in the schools. There are also many criticisms levied at inherent weaknesses in psychometric measures such as cultural bias and the role of environmental stimulation on performance outcomes. Concerns might address the snapshot quality of a test result that portrays merely a point in time or at best a point within a definable range rather than a dynamic ongoing process. At a conceptual level critics may suggest that knowledge of the severity of a problem does not address issues as to why a problem is occurring or how to intervene. Why Assess Intelligence Historically intelligence scales have been used as well-standardized valid and reliable predictors of academic achievement. The two most popular intelligence scales the Wechsler Scales and the Stanford-Binet have both seen recent major revisions. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Edition WISC-IV provides a measure of overall intellectual functioning based on scores obtained for four general indices Verbal Comprehension Perceptual Reasoning Processing Speed and Working Memory. The Stanford-Binet now in its fifth revision provides an index of overall intellectual functioning as well as separate indices of functioning in the visual and verbal areas. Results of an intellectual assessment can also provide information regarding strengths and weaknesses in information processing as well as providing information concerning brain dysfunction or thought disorders. A Question of Why Functional behavioral assessments FBAs purport to answer questions relative to why a given behavior exists. Proponents of FBA emphasize the ecological validity of an assessment approach that is linked to the situational determinants of behavior. Framed within a problem-solving approach there are several steps that might be involved in conducting FBAs including gathering .