tailieunhanh - Green Energy Technology, Economics and Policy Part 9

Nhờ có Internet, chúng ta cần trung gian ít hơn. Ví dụ, một giao dịch ngân hàng chi phí $ 1,07 tại một chi nhánh ngân hàng, $ 0,52 bằng điện thoại, $ 0,27 tại máy ATM, nhưng chỉ có $ 0,01 trên Internet. | Energy economics and markets 267 which minimizes transaction costs. Thanks to Internet we need fewer intermediaries. For instance a bank transaction costs at a bank branch by telephone at ATM but only on the Internet. Digital transactions have the additional advantage of being less liable to distortion and providing for more interactivity. Goods and services will still be needed to be produced but they could be produced better faster and more customized. Experience has shown that technology changes faster than the ability of new technology users to make the psychological adjustment to the new technology. Hence the continuous upgradation of the knowledge of the employees is cost effective. Chapter 21 Renewable energy policy U. Aswathanarayana WHY RENEWABLES The green renewable energy economy is fundamentally different from our 20th. century economy with its overdependence on fossil fuels. The renewable fuels such as wind solar biomass or geothermal are entirely indigenous. The fuels themselves are often free. They just need to be captured efficiently and transformed into electricity hydrogen or clean transportation fuels. In effect the development of renewal energy invests in people by substituting labour for fuel. Renewable energy technologies provide an average of four to six times as many jobs for equal investment in fossil fuels. For instance while natural gas power plant provides one job per MW during construction and ongoing operations and maintenance equivalent investment in solar photovoltaic power technology would generate seven jobs per MW. The approval of the Renewable Electricity Standard RES by USA would involve the construction and maintenance of 18 500 MW yr of wind solar geothermal and biomass plants and if all the components needed for the project are manufactured in USA this would generate 850 000 jobs. If a society decides that climate change should be mitigated such a policy should be reflected in the choice of .