tailieunhanh - OPEN CHANNEL HYDRAULICS FOR ENGINEERS

The textbook of Open Channel Hydraulics for Engineers, also called Applied Hydraulics, emphasizes the dynamics of the open-channel flow, by attempting to provide a complete framework of the basic equations of motion of the fluid, which are used as building blocks for the treatment of many practical problems. The structure of the document, with seven chapters totally, follows a logical sequence from a description and classification of Fluid Mechanics and Open Channel Flows, as reviewed in Chapter 1. A development of the basic equation of motion for uniform flow is encountered in Chapter 2. Coming to Chapter 3, the fruitful. | OPEN CHANNEL HYDRAULICS FOR ENGINEERS Chapter o INTRODUCTION . Review of fluid mechanics . Structure of the course . Dimensional analysis . Similarity and models Summary This introductory chapter briefly reviews the previous course in order to remind the students of some basic fluid properties and equations before starting this course on Open Channel Hydraulics. Next dimensional analysis similitude and model studies are dealt with and described. Key words Fluid mechanics open channel flow dimensional analysis similitude Reynolds number hydraulic model . REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS This lecture note is written for undergraduate students who follow the training programs in the fields of Hydraulic Construction Transportation and Environmental Engineering. It is assumed that the students have passed a basic course in Fluid Mechanics and are familiar with the basic fluid properties as well as the conservation laws of mass momentum and energy. However it may be not unwise to review some important definitions and equations dealt with in the previous course as an aid to memory before starting. . Fluid mechanics Fluid mechanics which deals with water at rest or motion may be considered as one of the important courses of the Civil Engineering training program. It is defined as the mechanics of fluids gas or water . This course will mostly deal with the liquid water. The following properties then are important a . Density The density of a liquid is defined as the mass of the substance per unit volume at a standard temperature and pressure. It is also fully called mass density and denoted by the Greek symbol p rho . In the case of water we generally neglect the variation in mass density and consider it at a temperature of 4 C and at atmospheric pressure then p 1 000 kg m3 for all practical purposes. For other specific cases the densities of common liquids are given in tables in most fluid mechanics books. b Specific weight The specific weight of a liquid is .