tailieunhanh - Lecture Notes Of Internal Medicine

Lecture Notes on Clinical Medicine has a long-standing reputation for excellence and is a must-have in the run-up to final examinations and throughout the clinical years. It offers a concise summary of the essential information needed for practising clinical medicine. The book is divided into two sections: Part 1 focuses on the clinical examination of each body system, and Part 2 summarises the core knowledge required for the understanding of specific diseases relevant to each body system. | Lecture Notes of Internal Medicine Cardiology Dr. Osama Mahmoud Mohamed Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine Ain Shams University Index 1. Anatomy. 1 2. Investigations. 2 3. Heart Failure. 3 4. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema. 13 5. Different classification of heart failure. 15 6. Systemic Hypertension. 16 7. Especial problems with hypertension . 26 8. Hypertensive encephalopathy. 28 9. Ischaemic heart Diseases . 30 10. Angina Pectoris. 32 11. Myocardial Infarction. 41 12. Arrhythmia. 46 13. Cardiac Arrest. 65 14. Rheumatic Fever. 69 15. Infective Endocarditis. 75 16. Pericardial Diseases. 81 17. Cardiomyopathy. 85 18. Myocarditis. 87 19. DVT Pulmonary Embolism. 88 20. Diseases of Aorta. 93 21. Congenital Heart Disease. 95 22. Heart Diseases with Pregnancy. 108 23. Mitral Valve Disease. 109 24. Left Atrial Myxoma . 116 25. Mitral Valve Prolapse . 116 26. Aortic Valve Disease . 117 27. Tricuspid Valve Disease . 121 28. Heart Transplantation. 122 29. Pulmonary Hypertension. 123 30. Hyperlipidaemia. 124 31. Atherosclerosis. 126 32. Peripheral Vascular Disease . 129 33. Shock. 130 Cardiology CARDIOLOGY b Anatomy of the heart The heart is composed of four chambers two atria and two ventricles. The atria are low pressure capacitance chambers mainly to store blood during ventricular systole and then fill the ventricles with blood during ventricular diastole. The ventricles are high pressure chambers responsible for pumping blood through the lungs and to the peripheral tissues. u The most anterior chamber is the right ventricle and the most posterior chamber is the left atrium. The normal heart in chest X ray occupies 50 of the transthoracic diameter. The leftfborder is formed by aortic knuckle pulmonary trunk left atrium and left ventricle from above downward the right border is formed by the right atrium joined by SVC from above downward . Coronary circulation The left main and right coronary arteries branches from the aorta arise from the left and right coronary .