tailieunhanh - In Search of Consistency: Ethics and Animals [Human–Animal Studies] Part 2

Quyền lợi, đính kèm cảm xúc, và mối quan hệ chặt chẽ đe dọa tính công bằng. Khi một người phụ trách thực hiện quyết định có ảnh hưởng đến người khác, một file đính kèm cảm xúc chỉ có một (hoặc một phần) của những người bị ảnh hưởng đặt công lý có nguy cơ. | 40 CHAPTER ONE a particular case is engaged to be married to a man who is on trial for theft justice is at risk. Vested interests emotional attachment and close affinity threaten impartiality. When one is in charge of making decisions that affect others an emotional attachment to only one or a portion of those affected puts justice at risk. This is not to suggest that emotional attachment or close affinity are vices rather they are virtues. In contrast complete emotional detachment is a vice as evidenced by psychopaths who are a danger to animals including humans . Emotional attachment need not cause bias in all situations though such an effect is highly likely. Human beings who create moral guidelines for human interactions with anymals have vested interests including an emotional attachment to themselves and to others of their kind. Human beings have a particular relationship with the human species over and against all other species and are likely to have a vested interest in human life. It is not possible for Homo sapiens to move outside of this position of bias it is inherent. However in the interest of promoting justice we must strive to be impartial in spite of our vested interests and personal connections. Since we are inherently biased we must be wary of human assessments of other species especially assessments that elevate our own ethical standing. We must critically examine the means we use to reach conclusions and regard moral assessments that favor humans as inherently suspicious. There are scores of examples of biased assessments of other species. Our first attempt to teach chimpanzees to speak is an example. Scientists concluded that chimps did not have linguistic ability that they lacked the cognitive mechanisms necessary for all but the most basic forms of communication. Noted scholars concluded that speech is the exclusive realm of human beings a defining characteristic shared by no other animal and an important element in assessing moral status. .