tailieunhanh - IN THE COMMON DEFENSE Part 10

Lebanon đã không tham gia vào chiến sự cho đến khi vụ đánh bom doanh trại trong tháng 10 năm 1983. Sau đó, Đại hội đã thông qua một nghị quyết cho phép triển khai tiếp tục của lính thủy đánh bộ tới Beirut cũng như một ngày nhất định cho thu hồi của họ. | Notes to Pages 189-198 363 Lebanon were not engaged in hostilities until the barracks bombing in October 1983. The Congress subsequently passed a Joint Resolution authorizing the continued deployment of Marines to Beirut as well as a date certain for their withdrawal. 28. Youngstown at 879-880. 29. See Campbell . Cir. 2000 as well as Raines v. Byrd 117 S. Ct. 2312 1997 . 30. Campbell ibid. at 23 . Cir. 2000 . 31. See Ginsberg Sons Inc. v. Popkin 285 . 204 208 76 L. Ed. 704 52 S. Ct. 322 1932 . 32. The president s inherent constitutional authority to permit troops to remain in hostilities for more than sixty ninety days may raise a different set of foreign affairs issues than are raised by the decision to initially deploy armed forces. Moreover Congress s authority to suspend or terminate hostilities based on Art. I Section 8 is not necessarily as extensive as its authority to make war. For example the decision to terminate hostilities may more deeply implicate presidential authority in the area of foreign affairs. By eighteenth-century standards the termination of a war would necessarily involve the president s treaty-making authority as under international law declared wars were terminated pursuant to treaty. By further example it is not hard to imagine that a decision not to enter a conflict would have a very different foreign relations impact than a decision to withdraw halfway through the latter would more likely break an alliance or rupture relations with third countries left stranded thus implicating the president s authority in the area of foreign relations in addition to his authority as commander in chief and chief executive. 33. See for example Laws and Customs of War on Land October 18 1907 36 STAT 2277 hereinafter Hague Convention IV Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field August 12 1949 6 UST 3114 1950 hereinafter Geneva Convention I Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition