tailieunhanh - Irish English Part 9

Trục xuất người bị kết án Ailen Úc bắt đầu năm 1791 (Dudley Edwards với Hourican năm 2005: 134-6) và trong vòng một thập kỷ qua đã có hơn người trong số họ trong thuộc địa của trẻ. By 1836 có hơn người Công giáo và chỉ có một nửa trong số họ đã bị kết án ở giai đoạn này. | The United States 403 Table . Irish-born in the United States after the mid nineteenth century Year Number Year Number 1851 962 000 1871 1 856 000 1891 1 615 000 1911 1 352 000 The deportation of Irish convicts to Australia began in 1791 Dudley Edwards with Hourican 2005 134-6 and within a decade there were over 2 000 of them in the young colony. By 1836 there were over 21 000 Catholics and only half of them were convicts by this stage. In 1835 a Catholic bishop was appointed. During the rest of the nineteenth century the orientation of the Catholic Church in Australia towards a homeland of which the descendants of immigrants had no direct experience diminished. Catholic emigration to North America began in earnest after the Napoleonic wars . after 1815. During this period Ireland had benefited from heightened economic activity Dudley Edwards with Hourican 2005 131f. but the agricultural depression which followed struck the country severely. An estimated 20 000 left the country in 1818 alone. Economic factors were significant here. The North Atlantic timber trade meant that ships plying across the ocean could take immigrants on the six- to eight-week outward journey at a reasonable price with wood as cargo on the return trip . Again an estimate gives an approximate picture between 1831 and 1841 some 200 000 Irish left for America via Britain as is known from the figures kept at British ports. By this time - the early nineteenth century - immigration was also taking place to destinations in the southern hemisphere as well . to Australia. Figures from the colonial administration for 1861 show that in Australia just under 20 per cent of the population was Irish. Emigration to the United States. Of all countries which absorbed Irish immigrants it was the United States which bore the lion s share. The figure for the entire period of emigration to America is likely to be in the region of 6-7 million Montgomery 2001 90 with two peaks one in the eighteenth .