tailieunhanh - GIS Methodologies for Developing Conservation Strategies Part 6

Trọng lượng tương đối của PR (i, j) cũng bình thường là 1, với kết quả k, trên trung bình (trọng của khu vực được bao phủ bởi mối đe dọa mỗi), PR (i, j) là 1. kkk Do đó, nhân PR (i, j) bởi PA sẽ tạo ra mối đe dọa A (i, j) cho mỗi tế bào, điều đó k sẽ trung bình trên toàn bộ diện tích một giá trị bằng PA. Các phương pháp bình thường hóa được mô tả dưới đây. | Using a GIS to Determine Critical Areas 113 mentioned earlier. The relative weights PR i j are also normalized to 1 with the result that on average weighted by the areas covered by each threat PR i j is 1. Hence multiplying PR i j by PA will produce the threat Ak i j for each cell that will average over the entire area to a value equal to Pk. The methodology for the normalization is described below. Normalizing the Parameters Given initial values for weights P i j for a given threat k the normalized values PR i j or relative weight is given by PR i j p j Equation 3 R where P is the weighted average of the P i j within the map. We will now explain how to compute P for different spatial distributions. Factors Covering a Well-Defined Area This is the simplest case that applies to slope classes and aquifers. Once a weight Pl is assigned to each class l within a threat k a scale factor P is calculated from the area occupied by each class l relative to the total area of interest. Given the set of class weight Pl each having an area Sl we obtain ST X Sl Equation 4 l and P X Pl i j rl Equation 5 l ST where P1 i j is the weight of each class l at cell i j . Within IDRISI the areas Sl are computed with area. Factors That Vary Continuously in Space This is the case for population density and threat from distance to roads. The problem can be illustrated by a simple example. Let us consider an infestation by insects at a given point of the ACCVC. At a given time the density of insects will decrease with the distance from the infestation nucleus. Insects could be found at any place in the area but are scarce far from the nucleus. If we want to use equation 5 we have to determine the area of influence ST of the insect infestation. If we consider all the ACCVC the area of interest as the area affected by insects the scaling factor P as in equation 5 will be very small since the insects are concentrated near the infestation nucleus . Sl is small . On the other hand if we set a .

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