tailieunhanh - Early detection and management of mental disorders - part 5

sự chú ý, khả năng thay đổi sự chú ý từ một khía cạnh của một tác nhân kích thích khác cũng đã được đánh giá trong các cá nhân có nguy cơ cao. Thẻ Kiểm tra phân loại Wisconsin (WCST) [45], một thước đo của sự linh hoạt tâm thần hoặc chuyển sự chú ý, không phân biệt con người trưởng thành trẻ tuổi | CHILDREN OF PERSONS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA 117 attention the ability to shift attention from one aspect of a stimulus to another has also been assessed in high-risk individuals. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test WCST 45 a measure of mental flexibility or shifting attention did not distinguish young adult offspring of schizophrenic parents from controls in the Israeli High-risk study 38 . However in the New York High-risk Project young adults with a schizophrenic parent had a profile similar to that seen in schizophrenic patients albeit in milder form 46 . Future investigations designed to assess performance on varied attentional tasks might allow for further refinement of this predictor and might also help to distinguish children and adolescents with attention deficit from those who are at high risk for developing schizophrenia. Jerusalem Infant Development Study In 1973 another longitudinal study was launched by Marcus and colleagues the Jerusalem Infant Development Study 47 . This investigation offered further evidence in support of Barbara Fish s neurointegrative deficit theory 24 . Between 1973 and 1976 pregnant women in Jerusalem who either had schizophrenia or were married to a man with the disorder were recruited for the study 47 . Control subjects included pregnant women with a history of affective disorders personality disorders neuroses or no psychiatric history. The researchers found that a subgroup of high-risk children had poor motor and sensorimotor performance during their first year and although prenatal perinatal and postnatal complications could not fully account for these differences such insults had a more significant effect on these children 47 . High-risk children also exhibited perceptual and attentional difficulties in childhood 48 . Although motoric signs were evident perceptual-cognitive functioning was more closely associated with parental diagnosis of schizophrenia 48 . Follow-up in adolescence suggested that a significant number of these .