tailieunhanh - Advances in optical and photonic devices Part 14

Tham khảo tài liệu 'advances in optical and photonic devices part 14', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 14 Silicon Photomultiplier -New Era of Photon Detection Valeri Saveliev National Research Nuclear University Russia 1. Introduction More then 50 years Photomultiplier Tubes PMT s fills the area of low photon flux detection practically without alternative Hammamatsu Photonics . 2006 despite the fact that is very well known many disadvantages of this devices. Concerning modern semiconductor structures for the photon detection few options were investigated for the detecting of the low photon flux but main critical problem to develop the semiconductor device was the relative high level of thermal noise of semiconductor detector structure and associated frontend electronics. One of the solutions overcome this problem is Visible Light Photon Counter VLPC Atac 1993 . This device is semiconductor avalanche structure operated at the temperature of 4K for the suppression of thermal noise. The results was successful - possibility to detect low photon flux up to single photon but operational conditions are to complicated to be acceptable for wide area application cryostat for the 4K temperature up to now is challenge even in the laboratory conditions. Development of the modern detection structures for the low photon flux Si was initiated at the beginning of 90 th from studies of Silicon Metal Oxide Semiconductor MOS structures with avalanche breakdown mode operation for the detecting of single visible light photons Gasanov et al. 1989 . The results were positive but strong limitation was the necessity to include external recharge circuits for the discharge the detector structure after charging the MOS structure during the photons detection. Next step was implementation of special resistive layer instead oxide layers Metal Resistive Semiconductor MRS structures which gives the possibility to recharge the structure after photon detection and in addition to control the breakdown avalanche process by quenching. Such structures had very high and stable amplification .

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