tailieunhanh - Business Human Resource Management Routledge Key Guides_2

Tham khảo tài liệu 'business human resource management routledge key guides_2', kinh doanh - tiếp thị, quản trị kinh doanh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | COLLECTIVE BARGAINING which the parties can adjust substantive terms for example by agreeing which trade unions are recognised for the purposes of collective bargaining and the frequency with which negotiations occur. Background Collective bargaining emerged in the 19th century in Britain along with the growth of craft unions. Beatrice Webb coined the term collective bargaining over 100 years ago Webb Webb 1897 commenting that as an individual a worker is relatively powerless in comparison to an employing organisation when making a bargain. A logical conclusion of this was that workers band together to act collectively. As they are then represented with one voice the practice of employee relations is therefore subject to collectivist features typically the involvement of a trade union in determining negotiating employment contracts. This means that the relationship between management and employees is somewhat detached what Hyman 2003 refers to as arms length or an adversarial employment relationship. Perhaps surprisingly at the time employers in some of the main industries such as engineering and shipbuilding realised that this sort of adversarial relationship provided a degree of stability. By regulating the terms of the employment relationship through collective bargaining both employers and unions were able to control and manage conflict and dissent often referred to as the institutionalisation of employee relations. With the subsequent growth of craft and general unions along with the pressures of the First World War the British government increasingly intervened in collective bargaining culminating in the Whitley Inquiry of 1917. This recommended national collective bargaining through Joint Industrial Councils JIC . Although many of these JICs or Whitley Committees as they became known dwindled in many of the industries for which they were intended the Whitley Report constituted an official recognition of trade unionism and collective bargaining in British .