tailieunhanh - Liabilities, Liquidity, and Cash ManagementB alancing Financial Risks phần 3

Các chuyên gia đề nghị của những đồng euro bổ sung 160 tỷ đồng, ít nhất 100 tỷ đồng ($ 92000000000) phải đến từ các khoản vay ngân hàng, trái phiếu, và các nguồn tín dụng khác, tăng thêm tận dụng viễn thông và các khoản nợ không thể quản lý của họ. | Liabilities and Derivatives Risk Sale of products to foreign customers Purchases from foreign suppliers Hedge accounting treatment is appropriate for a derivative instrument when changes in the value of the derivative we deal with are substantially equal but negatively correlated to changes in the value of the exposure being hedged. The last sentence defines the concept of achieving risk reduction and hedge effectiveness. Because nothing is static in business hedge effectiveness must be measured steadily by comparing the change in fair value of each hedged foreign currency exposure at the applicable market rate with the change in market value of the corresponding derivative instrument. This steady monitoring is as necessary for currency risk as it is for interest-rate risk. A company may enter into certain interest-rate swap agreements to manage its risk between fixed and variable interest rates and long-term and short-term maturity debt exposure. A similar statement applies to monitoring credit risk which may come from different sources such as letters of credit commitments to extend credit and guarantees of debt. Letters of credit address a company s creditworthiness. They are purchased guarantees that assure a firm s performance or payment to third parties in accordance with specified terms and conditions. Commitments to extend credit to third parties are conditional agreements usually having fixed expiration or termination dates as well as specific interest rates and purposes. Under certain conditions credit may not be available for draw-down until certain conditions are met. Guarantees of debt rest on a different concept. From time to time a manufacturer may guarantee the financing for product purchases by customers and the debt of certain unconsolidated joint ventures. Generally customers make such requests for providing guarantees and these requests are reviewed and approved by senior management. Such financial guarantees also might be assigned to a .

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