tailieunhanh - FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION

The female reproductive system is composed of the external and internal genitalia. The external genitalia (Fig. 2-1) are collectively termed the pudendum or vulva and are directly visible. The internal genitalia include the vagina, cervix, uterus, uterine (fallopian) tubes, and ovaries (Figs. 2-2 and 2-3). Special instruments are required for inspection of the internal genitalia. Simple specula or other instruments allow direct visualization of the vagina and cervix, but the intraabdominal group can be inspected only by invasive methods (laparotomy, laparoscopy, or culdoscopy) or by sophisticated imaging techniques (ultrasonography, CT scan, or magnetic resonance imaging). . | FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY The female reproductive system is composed of the external and internal genitalia. The external genitalia Fig. 2-1 are collectively termed the pudendum or vulva and are directly visible. The internal genitalia include the vagina cervix uterus uterine fallopian tubes and o varies Figs. 2-2 and 2-3 . Special instruments are required for inspection of the internal genitalia. Simple specula or other instruments allow direct visualization of the vagina and cervix but the intraabdominal group can be inspected only by invasive methods laparotomy laparoscopy or culdoscopy or by sophisticated imaging techniques ultrasonography CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging . EXTERNAL GENITALIA MONS PUBIS MONS VENERIS The mons veneris a rounded pad of fatty tissue overlying the symphysis pubis develops from the genital tubercle. It is not an organ but a region or a landmark. Coarse dark hair normally appears over the mons early in puberty. During reproductive life the pubic hair is abundant but after the menopause it becomes sparse. The normal female escutcheon is typically a triangle with the base up in contrast to the triangle with the base down pattern in males. The skin of the mons contains sudoriferous and sebaceous glands. The amount of subcutaneous fat is determined by heredity age nutritional factors and possibly steroid hormone factors. 21 Copyright 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies. Click Here for Terms ofUse. 22 BENSON PERNOLL S HANDBOOK OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY FIGURE 2-1. External female genitalia. Innervation The sensory nerves of the mons are the ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves. Blood and Lymph Supply The mons is supplied by the external pudendal artery and vein. The lymphatics merge with those from other parts of the vulva and from the lower abdomen. The crossed lymphatic circulation of the labia within the mons is clinically important because it permits metastatic spread of .