tailieunhanh - Pesticide Residues in Coastal Tropical Ecosystems: Distribution, fate and effects - Chapter 9

Hiện tại có hơn 1,26 tỷ người ở Cộng hòa nhân dân Trung Quốc và cung cấp một nguồn cung cấp thực phẩm đầy đủ cho một dân số lớn như vậy là một trong những vấn đề lớn nhất của quốc gia. Để đáp ứng những thách thức của một dân số tăng nhanh và tình trạng thiếu hụt đáng kể nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên lớn cho nông nghiệp, Trung Quốc đã phát triển hệ thống nông nghiệp bền vững và hiệu quả hơn (Wen et al, 1992). Vấn đề cung ứng thực phẩm có thể được giải. | Chapter 9 Pesticides in the People s Republic of China Zhong Chuangguang Chen Shunhua Cai Fulong Liao Yuanqi Pen Yefang and Zhao Xiaokui INTRODUCTION There are currently more than billion people in the People s Republic of China and providing an adequate food supply for such a large population is one of the nation s biggest problems. To meet the challenges of a rapidly increasing population and a noticeable shortage of major natural resources for agriculture China has had to develop more sustainable and productive agricultural systems Wen et al. 1992 . The food supply problem may be solved by controlling population growth increasing agricultural production through enhanced use of hybrid seeds and fossil-energy-derived inputs such as synthetic fertilizers and pesticides or through some combination of the two. Given the current agricultural cultivation practices in China the most effective method for increasing the grain crop yield is to use pesticides for crop protection. China has 100 M ha of cultivated land and 140 M ha of sown land. There are more than 1 350 kinds of pests - these include 770 insect species 550 diseases 80 weed species and 20 rodent species -that may harm crops. With this in mind it is not surprising that using pesticide for pest control is the most popular method for limiting pest damage to crops. In 1950 China began to produce DDT and BHC the beginning of organic pesticide synthesis in China. In the subsequent half century more than 700 pesticide factories have been established with an annual production capacity in 1994 of 555 000 T of . s . In recent years the actual output of pesticides was approximately 210 000 T making China second in the world in pesticide production. There are more than 170 pesticide . s with more than 600 formulations based on them currently in production in China. Annual export of pesticides is about 30 000 T comprising 30 . s while annual imports total about 10 000 T In recent years insecticides accounted