tailieunhanh - Pesticide Residues in Coastal Tropical Ecosystems: Distribution, fate and effects - Chapter 6

Bangladesh là một quốc gia Nam Á km2 với 120 triệu dân và tỷ lệ tăng dân số 2,2% mỗi năm. Địa hình, nó là một vùng đồng bằng ven sông rộng lớn, nằm ở đỉnh của vịnh Bengal với một đồng bằng ven biển km2 và bờ biển 710 km (Matin, 1995). Nền kinh tế của Bangladesh là nông nghiệp với 10 M ha canh tác. Đất canh tác bình quân đầu người (15 M ha canh tác Nông nghiệp đóng góp 35% GDP và đang phát triển với một tốc độ hàng năm là 1,9% . | Chapter 6 Pesticides in Bangladesh M. A. Matin INTRODUCTION Bangladesh is a south Asian country of 144 000 km2 with 120 million inhabitants and a population growth rate of percent per annum. Topographically it is a vast riverine delta situated at the apex of the Bay of Bengal with a coastal plain of 3 400 km2 and a coastline of 710 km Matin 1995 . Bangladesh s economy is agriculture-based with 10 M ha under cultivation. Arable land per capita ha is the world s lowest with a cropping intensity of 159 percent . land produces crops per year equivalent to 15 M ha cultivated. Agriculture contributes 35 percent to GDP and is growing at an annual rate of percent. Obviously fallow land that can be brought under cultivation is minimal in Bangladesh less than 2 percent and that small amount is in jeopardy due to pressure from population growth. Rice Oryza saiiva L. Gramineae is the principal food crop in Bangladesh as it is in other South and Southeast Asian countries Abdullah ei al. 1997 . Rice accounts for about 75 percent of the total cropped area with about 4 M ha of HYV and about M ha of local varieties. The country is almost self-sufficient in production of cereals but has a shortfall in many other food crops. Priority at the state level is given to enhancing food production especially of cereals and pulses seed-bearing leguminous crops beans peas lentils by utilizing all available means including HYV of rice and intensive fanning practices like irrigation improved seed chemical fertilizer and pesticide application. These agricultural practices have had a positive impact on farm productivity. Bangladesh s food grain production rose to M T in 1993 compared with M T in 1967 Rahman ei al. 1995 . The country is striving for further boosts in agricultural production based on improved management of the entire agricultural sector. With respect to environmental management and agrochemical control practices and policies in Bangladesh the .