tailieunhanh - Community Participation and Geographic Information Systems - Chapter 14

Các tổ chức phi chính phủ về môi trường được tìm thấy chính mình, và kết quả là cử tri của họ, ngày càng được uỷ quyền là người sử dụng của công nghệ không gian địa lý ở New Jersey. Một mối quan tâm chung về không gian địa lý công nghệ là các hệ thống yêu cầu kiến thức kỹ thuật quan trọng để được áp dụng cho một vấn đề. Các công dân trung bình thiếu các kỹ năng cơ bản cần thiết về mặt kỹ thuật, do đó hạn chế cơ hội cho PPGIS. Tìm ra. | Chapter 14 Environmental NGOs and community access to technology as a force for change David L. Tulloch INTRODUCTION Environmental NGOs are finding themselves and as a result their constituencies increasingly empowered as users of geospatial technologies in New Jersey. A common concern regarding geospatial technologies is that the systems require significant technical knowledge in order to be properly applied to a problem. The average citizen lacks the requisite basic technical skills thus limiting the opportunities for PPGIS. Finding a way in which these citizens can participate in the application of a community-based or community-oriented system is a challenge. Special interest groups purporting to represent various segments of their larger community can serve as the interface between citizens and government by operating evaluating or opposing public systems. A basic assumption of this chapter is that NGOs can either 1 interface with an otherwise inaccessible public system thus rendering it a PPGIS despite the system s initial failings or 2 develop on behalf of members of the community a system that can serve as a PPGIS despite parallel local government efforts. FACTORS SUPPORTING NGO ACTIVITY With this assumption in mind this chapter will highlight four factors responsible for accelerating NGO activity in New Jersey and empowering citizens through a series of state-level NGO-PPGIS. These factors include 1 prominent environmental and land-use issues that require attention 2 a traditional local government political structure that has limited development of public geospatial data and systems 3 a state government champion that has assisted NGOs with data and software 2002 Taylor Francis Environmental NGOs and community access to technology 193 4 a state-wide NGO champion that has provided technical assistance and assisted with communication and coordination between groups. The role of any individual factor in promoting or inhibiting PPGIS development is .