tailieunhanh - Community Participation and Geographic Information Systems - Chapter 11

Theo truyền thống, sức mạnh để đưa ra quyết định quy hoạch sử dụng tài nguyên thiên nhiên và quản lý tại Úc đã được trao với các cơ quan quản lý. Tuy nhiên, sử dụng bền vững tài nguyên và dân chủ có sự tham gia đã xuất hiện mô hình như ngày càng có ảnh hưởng từ những năm 1950. Gần đây hơn, thay đổi quan trọng đã xảy ra liên quan đến cộng đồng trong quá trình ra quyết định (ví dụ như McKenna 1995) đã thách thức những giả định về các yêu cầu sử dụng. | Chapter II A community-based and collaborative GIS joint venture in rural Australia Daniel H. Walker Anne M. Leitch Raymond de Lai Alison Cottrell Andrew K. L. Johnson and David Pullar INTRODUCTION Traditionally the power to make decisions for natural resource use planning and management in Australia has been vested with regulatory authorities. However sustainable resource use and participative democracy have emerged as increasingly influential paradigms since the 1950s. More recently significant changes have occurred to involve the community in the decision-making process . McKenna 1995 that have challenged assumptions about requirements for sustainable resource use and in particular about the role of technocrats resource users and the broader community. In Australia natural resource management and rural development policy over the past decade has been underpinned by a rhetorical move toward participatory resource use planning Dale and Bellamy 1998 . This puts Australia at the forefront of international experience. The key feature of a participatory approach to planning is control of the information evaluation and decision-making process. In this type of approach the community is responsible for developing a planning strategy and must have the capacity to undertake environmental analysis and evaluation. Community-based decision-making represents a change in the organization and operation of information systems. To participate effectively stakeholders must have access to information pertinent to resource use planning access to analytical tools required to make effective use of that information a capacity to use the analytical tools and data sets and a legislative and institutional environment that fosters effective participation. Recent advances in information technology such as GIS have brought new opportunities for improving local capacity and participation in planning. As a result community groups rather than special interest groups 2002 Taylor Francis .