tailieunhanh - The Lacrimal System

Familiarity with lacrimal system embryology is necessary to understand congenital abnormalities of the nasolacrimal drainage system. The orbital walls are embryologically derived from neural crest cells. Ossifi cation of the orbital walls is completed by birth except at the orbital apex. The lesser wing of the sphenoid is initially cartilaginous, unlike the greater wing of the sphenoid and other orbital bones that develop via intramembranous ossifi cation. The membranous bones surrounding the lacrimal excretory system are well developed at 4 months of embryologic age and ossify by birth | The Lacrimal System The Lacrimal System Diagnosis Management and Surgery Edited by Adam J. Cohen MD Consulting Surgeon Eyelid and Facial Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery Craniofacial Surgery Neuro-Ophthalmology Evanston Illinois Michael Mercandetti MD MBA FACS Attending Staff Department of Surgery Doctor s Hospital Sarasota Florida Brian G. Brazzo MD Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Ophthalmology Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York New York Director Oculoplastics Service Department of Ophthalmology Maimonides Medical Center Brooklyn New York Director Oculoplastics Service Department of Ophthalmology Lincoln Hospital Bronx New York Attending Surgeon Department of Ophthalmology The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary New York New York 0 Springer Adam J. Cohen MD Consulting Surgeon Eyelid and Facial Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery Craniofacial Surgery Neuro-Ophthalmology Evanston IL 60201 USA Michael Mercandetti MD MBA FACS Attending Staff Department of Surgery Doctor s Hospital Sarasota FL 34239 USA Brian G. Brazzo MD Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Ophthalmology Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York NY 10021 Director Oculoplastics Service Department of Ophthalmology Maimonides Medical Center Brooklyn NY 11219 Director Oculoplastics Service Department of Ophthalmology Lincoln Hospital Bronx NY 10451 Attending Surgeon Department of Ophthalmology The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary New York NY 10003 USA Library of Congress Control Number 2005938668 ISBN-10 0-387-25385-8 e-ISBN 0-387-35267-8 ISBN-13 978-0387-25385-5 Printed on acid-free paper. 2006 Springer Science Business Media Inc. All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher Springer Science Business Media LLC 233 Spring Street New York NY 10013 USA except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information .