tailieunhanh - Community Participation and Geographic Information Systems - Chapter 27

Nếu, như một số nhà nghiên cứu cho thấy, cuộc đấu tranh địa phương được mô tả như là phụ thuộc vào quy mô, và nếu các tác phẩm của các nhà hoạt động cộng đồng 'không gian cố định ở cấp địa phương, sau đó nó có khả năng rằng họ sẽ tiếp tục nỗ lực là tương đối không được hỗ trợ bởi vì họ không được công nhận và tôn trọng từ các cử tri lớn hơn chính trị (x. Herod năm 1991; Smith năm 1992; Delaney và Leitner năm 1997). Các nghiên cứu trường hợp trong. | Chapter 27 Public participation technological discourses and the scale of GIS Stuart C. Aitken INTRODUCTION If as some researchers suggest local struggles are characterized as scale dependent and if the works of community activists are spatially fixed at the local level then it is likely that they will continue as relatively unsupported endeavours because they fail to gain recognition and respect from larger political constituencies cf. Herod 1991 Smith 1992 Delaney and Leitner 1997 . The case studies in this volume suggest that at its best PPGIS offers the possibility of respect and credibility for residents activists and concerned citizens involved in planning development and environmental management. Is it possible that PPGIS enables a breakthrough of local practices and community concerns from what John Agnew 1993 252 calls hidden geographies of scale The purpose of this chapter is to raise questions about the kind of participation that is afforded by user-friendly PPGIS and the potential for enabling certain local issues to jump scale Smith 1993 and forge a larger political constituency. The first part of the paper discusses what constitutes public participation and draws on contemporary critiques of Habermas notion of the public sphere . The second locates some of the work on PPGIS in this debate by assessing the ways in which it may politicize issues and overcome hidden geographies of scale. Concerns are raised about some forms of PPGIS that may perpetuate instrumental discourses as barriers to democracy and communication in the public sphere. RE-THINKING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION It may be argued that the acceptance of GISs as spatial data platforms and analytic resources upon which informed decisions can be made in many ways legitimizes certain local issues as larger public concerns. The increasingly user-friendly status of this technology and the development of GIS research and applications within public service institutions such as 2002 Taylor .