tailieunhanh - SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

A sexually transmitted disease (STD) is any infection acquired primarily through sexual contact. STD is a general term, and the causative organisms, which are harbored in the blood or body secretions, include viruses, mycoplasmas, bacteria, fungi, spirochetes, and minute parasites (., crab lice, scabies). Some of the organisms involved are found exclusively in the genital (reproductive) tract, but others exist simultaneously in other systems. Additionally, various STDs often coexist, and when one is found, others should be suspected. There is a range of intimate bodily contact that may transmit STDs, including kissing, sexual intercourse, anal intercourse, cunnilingus, anilingus, fellatio,. | A sexually transmitted disease STD is any infection acquired primarily through sexual contact. STD is a general term and the causative organisms which are harbored in the blood or body secretions include viruses mycoplasmas bacteria fungi spirochetes and minute parasites . crab lice scabies . Some of the organisms involved are found exclusively in the genital reproductive tract but others exist simultaneously in other systems. Additionally various STDs often coexist and when one is found others should be suspected. There is a range of intimate bodily contact that may transmit STDs including kissing sexual intercourse anal intercourse cunnilingus anilingus fellatio and mouth or genital to breast contact. Physicians are required to report most STDs to local public health departments. The vast majority of female genital tract infections are acquired sexually. Female genital tract infections are divided into lower genital tract and upper genital tract or pelvic infections. The lower genital tract infections including a number of STDs and their sequelae are discussed in Chapters 20 and 21 and they include viral infections herpes simplex human papillomavirus and molluscum contagio-sum and vulvar infestations pedicularis pubis and scabies . Common types of vulvovaginitis . Trichomonas bacterial vaginosis and Candida and some of the sequelae of STDs . infections of Bartholin glands and cervicitis also are discussed in Chapter 20. This chapter deals with upper genital tract infections the most serious most directly sexually transmitted diseases and their sequelae. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS HIV INFECTIONS The human immunodeficiency virus HIV was first reported to cause disease in 1981. In the United States AIDS is now the fifth 681 Copyright 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies. Click Here for Terms ofUse. BENSON PERNOLL S HANDBOOK OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 682 leading cause of death among women of childbearing age. Moreover it is the leading cause of death in this

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