tailieunhanh - WILDLIFE SCIENCE: LINKING ECOLOGICAL THEORY AND MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS - CHAPTER 18

Khoa học và nghiệp vụ quản lý động vật hoang dã đã được sinh ra trong những năm đầu thế kỷ hai mươi như sự cần thiết cho một cơ sở tri thức âm thanh và một quân đoàn của các chuyên gia để thu thập và thực hiện kiến thức (ví dụ, các nhà sinh vật học, quản lý, và các nhà khoa học động vật hoang dã) đã trở nên rõ ràng (Mackie 2000). By thời gian này, nhiều loài động vật hoang dã đã giảm về số lượng hoặc địa phương extirpated tại Hoa Kỳ do khai thác quá mức và. | 18 Genetics and Applied Management Using Genetic Methods to Solve Emerging Wildlife Management Problems Randy W DeYoung CONTENTS Brief History of Genetic Techniques. 318 Disease Damage and Invasive Species New Challenges in Wildlife Management. 320 Case Study 1 White-Tailed Deer Overabundance Damage and Disease. 320 Case Study 2 Feral Swine an Exotic Invasive That Poses Risks from Damage and Disease 321 Case Study 3 Gray Fox and Rabies in the Southwestern United States. 322 Common Themes in Applied Management Case Studies . 322 Theoretical Foundations of Population Genetics . 324 Population Structure Social Structure Management Units and Factors Affecting Population Distribution and Exchange. 325 Assignment Methods Direct Identification of Individuals Migrants and Populations. 328 Genetic Bottlenecks and Effective Size Assessing Demographic History and Effectiveness of Control Methods. 328 Parentage and Relatedness Inferences into Animal Behavior. 329 Management Implications. 331 References. 331 The science and profession of wildlife management were born during the early twentieth century as the need for a sound knowledge base and a corps of professionals to gather and implement the knowledge . biologists managers and wildlife scientists became apparent Mackie 2000 . By this time many wildlife species had declined in number or were locally extirpated in the United States due to overexploitation and loss of habitat. Accordingly early wildlife management and research efforts in the United States were heavily influenced by a mandate of preservation and recovery. By the mid-to-late twentieth century many charismatic species . deer elk Cervus elaphus turkey Meleagris gallopavo and many species of waterfowl wading birds and raptors were beginning to recover. The restoration of these species is a major conservation success story so successful in fact that few outside of the wildlife realm are aware just how severe the declines were a few decades before. As game .