tailieunhanh - Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review (Volume 43) - Chapter 4

Lọc sinh học và BIOFOULING Về cơ cấu nhân tạo Ở CHÂU ÂU: TIỀM NĂNG CHO TÁC ĐỘNG hữu cơ giảm nhẹ Con người tạo ra các cấu trúc triển khai một cách cố ý hoặc vô tình vào biển có thể đến mức của biofouling. Các cộng đồng kết quả thường bị chi phối bởi các động vật không xương sống biển không cuống có xu hướng sử dụng đình chỉ ăn vì lợi ích dinh dưỡng từ cột nước. Không phải tất cả ăn đình chỉ lọc-ăn nhưng một cách chung chung một cộng đồng sẽ đình chỉ. | Oceanography and Marine Biology An Annual Review 2005 43 123-172 R. N. Gibson R. J. A. Atkinson and J. D. M. Gordon Editors Taylor Francis BIOFILTRATION AND BIOFOULING ON ARTIFICIAL STRUCTURES IN EUROPE THE POTENTIAL FOR MITIGATING ORGANIC IMPACTS DAVID J. HUGHES ELIZABETH J. COOK MARTIN . SAYER Scottish Association for Marine Science Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory Oban Argyll PA37 1QA . E-mail djhu@ Abstract Man-made structures deployed either deliberately or accidentally into the sea are subject to levels of biofouling. The resultant communities are usually dominated by sessile marine invertebrates that tend to utilize suspension-feeding for nutritional gain from the water column. Not all suspension-feeders are filtration-feeders but in general terms a large suspension-feeding community will provide varying scales of water filtration. The potential for utilizing some form of in-water biofiltration in association with localised organic enrichment has long been suggested but with few quantitative estimates of probable efficacy. The major taxa that are likely to be relevant to the process of biofiltration are discussed in relation to the functional classification of suspensionfeeders. In order to generate estimates of biofiltration potential activity rates of the major functional and taxonomic groups of suspension-feeders are derived through a review of the general mode of suspension-feeding the predominant food sources with the size range of particles retained and individual suspension-feeding rates that are scaled up to the population level. However any naturally occurring fouling community will consist of a number of species and so estimates of multispecies suspension-feeding interspecific interactions rates of biodeposition and nutrient release are derived. The rates and densities of biofouling are dependent of the abiotic and biotic characteristics of the receiving environment and the types of materials used in the provided substrate. The .