tailieunhanh - AIR POLLUTION, HEALTH, AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS: THE EFFECT OF OUTDOOR AIR QUALITY ON CHILDHOOD ASTHMA

This fact sheet aims to shed light on the right to health in international human rights law as it currently stands, amidst the plethora of initiatives and proposals as to what the right to health may or should be. Consequently, it does not purport to provide an exhaustive list of relevant issues or to identify specific standards in relation to them. The fact sheet starts by explaining what the right to health is and illustrating its implications for specific individuals and groups, and then elaborates upon States' obligations with respect to the right. It ends with an overview of national, regional. | Air Pollution Health And Socio-Economic Status The Effect of Outdoor Air Quality on childhood Asthma Matthew J. Neidell University of Chicago March 2003 Abstract This paper examines the effect of air pollution on child hospitalizations for asthma using a unique zip code level panel data set. The effect of pollution is identified using naturally occurring seasonal variations in pollution within zip codes. I also improve on past work by analyzing how the effect of pollution varies by age by including measures of avoidance behavior and by allowing the effect to vary by socioeconomic status SES . Of the pollutants considered carbon monoxide has a significant effect on asthma hospitalizations among children ages 1 to 18. To assess the importance of these findings I analyze California s Low-Emission Vehicle II standards and find that nearly 15-20 of the costs from this policy are recovered in asthma hospitalizations for children alone. In addition households respond to information about pollution with avoidance behavior especially high SES families suggesting that it is important to account for these endogenous responses when measuring the causal effect of pollution on health. Finally the net effect of pollution is greater for children of lower SES indicating that pollution is one potential mechanism by which SES affects health. JEL Classifications I12 J13 J15 Q25 I thank Janet Currie Trudy Cameron Paul Devereux Joe Hotz Ken Chay Michael Greenstone . DeShazo Steven Haider Wes Hartmann and seminar participants at UC-Berkeley UCLA University of Chicago University of Miami BLS Census EPA and RAND for many helpful suggestions. I am also particularly grateful to Bo Cutter for initiating my interest in this topic to Paul Hughes at the California Air Resources Board for information on emissions standards and to Resource for the Future for graciously providing funding via the Fisher Dissertation Award. Address CISES 5734 S. Ellis Ave. Chicago IL 60637. Email .

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