tailieunhanh - Advances in Spatial Science - Editorial Board Manfred M. Fischer Geoffrey J.D. Hewings Phần 3

Ở đây, hội tụ không xảy ra ở tất cả. Ý tưởng này được chia sẻ bởi các lý thuyết phát triển của nhân quả tích lũy. "Tích lũy nhân quả", trong đó điều kiện ban đầu xác định tốc độ tăng trưởng kinh tế của địa điểm một cách tự duy trì và gia tăng. | 4 Critical Success Factors for a Knowledge-Based Economy 67 role in advancing growth on a long-run basis. Here convergence does not occur at all. This idea is shared by the growth theory of cumulative causation. Cumulative causation in which initial conditions determine the economic growth of places in a self-sustained and incremental way does not leave room for unconditional convergence as a result of the emergence of economic inequalities among economies. Eventually then economic policy has to come into play to correct those imbalances. The new economic geography NEG also shares the idea of economic growth as an unbalanced process favouring the initially advantaged economies. Here however emphasis is not placed on the economic system per se but rather on the economic actors within the economies. It is the actors who decide and consequently NEG is mainly concerned with the location of economic activity agglomeration and specialization rather than with economic growth as such which in the NEG context would be too abstract as an object of choice. Growth however is here the outcome of making the right choices and can be inferred from its models. To date knowledge diffusion from a geographical perspective is far from having reached general conclusions. The theory of localized knowledge spillovers LKS for example originates from the analytical models in the new economic geography tradition and focuses more closely on the regional clustering of innovative activities. In particular it investigates the extent to which spillovers are local rather than national or international in scope. The main results from this type of econometric study on LKS is that innovation inputs from private R D or university research lead to a greater innovation output when they originate from local sources . from firms or public institutes that are located in the same region Castellacci 2007 . These ideas appear to be in sharp contrast with the emphasis on the international scope of .

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